@media (max-width: 1199px) {
    :root {
        --fs-h1: clamp(1.45rem, 2.2vw, 2.1rem);
        --fs-h2: clamp(1.22rem, 1.6vw, 1.62rem);
        --fs-h3: clamp(0.98rem, 1.1vw, 1.12rem);
        --fs-h4: clamp(0.88rem, 0.95vw, 1rem);
        --fs-hero-title: clamp(1.6rem, 3.2vw, 2.45rem);
    }
    .nationality-grid--6col { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); }
    .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 24px; }
    .primary-menu > li > a { padding: 15px 12px; font-size: .86rem; }
}

@media (max-width: 991px) {
    :root {
        --fs-h1: 1.32rem;
        --fs-h2: 1.16rem;
        --fs-h3: 1.02rem;
        --fs-h4: 0.9rem;
        --fs-hero-title: 1.45rem;
        --fs-body: 0.9375rem; /* 15px */
    }
    body { line-height: 1.5; }
    p,
    .welcome-intro__body p,
    .content-box p,
    .content-box li,
    .policy-item p,
    .faq-answer p,
    .section__header p,
    .apply-steps__item p,
    .entry-type-card > p,
    .visa-type-panel__head p,
    .visa-type-panel__body,
    .info-card p,
    .steps-trio__item p,
    .status-cta-card p,
    .fee-card p,
    .nationality-card p,
    .disclaimer-strip small {
        font-size: 0.875rem;
        line-height: 1.5;
    }
    h1, h2, h3, h4,
    .welcome-intro h1,
    .section__header h2,
    .content-box h2,
    .content-box h3,
    .update-header h2,
    .policy-item h3,
    .visa-type-panel__head h3,
    .info-card h3,
    .nationality-card h3,
    .faq-question,
    .footer-col h4 {
        line-height: 1.25;
        font-stretch: normal;
        letter-spacing: normal;
    }
    .section__header { margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 18px; }
    .section__header p { font-size: .82rem; }
    .masthead__inner { gap: 16px; }
    .brand { min-width: 0; gap: 8px; }
    .brand__wordmark {
        transform: scale(.85);
        transform-origin: left center;
        width: 148px;
        min-width: 0;
        min-height: 50px;
        padding-left: 24px;
        margin-right: calc(148px * (1 - .85) * -1);
    }
    .brand__text { min-width: 0; }
    .brand__title { font-size: 1.02rem; }
    .brand__subtitle { font-size: .82rem; letter-spacing: 0.085em; }
    .masthead__eservices { flex: 0 0 auto; }
    .masthead__eservices img { height: 48px; max-width: 170px; }
    :root { --nav-h: 56px; --masthead-h: 72px; --hero-h: 260px; }
    .hero-slide__inner {
        max-width: 92%;
        padding-left: 16px;
        border-left-width: 3px;
    }
    .hero-slide__overline { font-size: .72rem; margin-bottom: 10px; gap: 6px; }
    .hero-slide__subtitle { font-size: .8rem; margin-bottom: 8px; }
    .hero-slide__title { margin-bottom: 12px; line-height: 1.2; }
    .hero-slide__desc { font-size: .92rem; margin-bottom: 18px; line-height: 1.5; }
    .hero-slide__actions { gap: 10px; }
    .hero-slide__actions .btn-lg { padding: 10px 18px; font-size: .88rem; }
    .hero-slide__actions .icon { width: 15px; height: 15px; }
    .hero-slider__nav { width: 38px; height: 38px; }
    .hero-slider__nav .icon { width: 15px; height: 15px; }
    .hero-slider__nav--prev { left: 12px; }
    .hero-slider__nav--next { right: 12px; }
    .hero-slider__dots { bottom: 14px; gap: 6px; }
    .hero-slider__dot { width: 8px; height: 8px; border-width: 1.5px; }
    .nav-toggle {
        display: inline-flex;
        margin: 0 10px 0 12px;
        flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    .mobile-quicknav {
        display: flex; gap: 2px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: 8px;
    }
    .mobile-quicknav__item {
        display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
        padding: 8px 9px; font-size: .72rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.9); text-decoration: none;
        border-radius: 3px;
    }
    .mobile-quicknav__item--cta { color: #8ef0a8; font-weight: 600; }
    .primary-menu {
        position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; right: 0;
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: stretch;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 8px 0 10px;
        background: #ffffff;
        border-top: 3px solid var(--color-green);
        max-height: min(70vh, calc(100vh - 120px));
        overflow-y: auto;
        -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
        transform: translateY(-8px);
        opacity: 0;
        visibility: hidden;
        transition: opacity var(--transition), transform var(--transition);
        box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(10, 31, 38, .18);
        z-index: 999;
    }
    .primary-menu.is-open { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; transform: translateY(0); }
    .primary-menu > li { width: 100%; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border); }
    .primary-menu > li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
    .primary-menu > li > a {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: flex-start;
        gap: 10px;
        width: 100%;
        padding: 14px 18px;
        font-size: .92rem;
        font-weight: 600;
        color: var(--color-heading);
        background: transparent;
        border-bottom: 0;
        text-decoration: none;
    }
    .primary-menu > li > a .icon {
        width: 16px;
        height: 16px;
        flex-shrink: 0;
        color: var(--color-blue);
    }
    .primary-menu > li > a .icon--chevron {
        margin-left: auto;
        color: var(--color-muted);
        transition: transform var(--transition);
    }
    .primary-menu > li > a:hover,
    .primary-menu > li > a.is-active {
        color: var(--color-blue-text);
        background: var(--color-light);
        border-bottom-color: transparent;
    }
    .primary-menu > li > a.is-active {
        border-left: 3px solid var(--color-green);
        padding-left: 15px;
    }
    .primary-menu .has-children.is-open > a {
        background: var(--color-light);
        color: var(--color-blue-text);
    }
    .primary-menu .has-children.is-open > a .icon--chevron { transform: rotate(180deg); }
    .sub-menu {
        position: static;
        background: #f4fafb;
        border-top: 0;
        box-shadow: none;
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        transform: none;
        max-height: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
        padding: 0;
        min-width: 0;
        transition: max-height 300ms ease;
    }
    .primary-menu .has-children.is-open .sub-menu { max-height: 320px; }
    .sub-menu a {
        display: block;
        padding: 11px 18px 11px 32px;
        font-size: .86rem;
        font-weight: 500;
        color: var(--color-text-secondary);
        text-decoration: none;
        border-left: 3px solid transparent;
    }
    .sub-menu a:hover {
        background: #e8f4f7;
        color: var(--color-link);
        border-left-color: var(--color-blue);
    }
    .row-2col, .row-2col--unequal { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .welcome-policy-section .row-2col--unequal {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: var(--space-stack);
    }
    .row-3col { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .visa-type-trio { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .entry-type-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .purpose-simple { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .steps-trio { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .fee-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .home-resource-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .status-cta-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .pre-approval-box__grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .footer-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .nationality-grid--6col { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
    .policy-updates-scroll-container { max-height: 360px; }
    .welcome-policy-section .policy-updates-scroll-container { max-height: 300px; }
    .welcome-policy-section .evisa-update-card { height: auto !important; max-height: none !important; }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    .welcome-policy-section .policy-updates-scroll-container { max-height: 260px; }
    .welcome-policy-section .col-stack { gap: 12px; }
    .welcome-policy-section .content-box { padding: 14px; }
    :root {
        --fs-h1: 1.15rem;
        --fs-h2: 1.05rem;
        --fs-h3: 0.95rem;
        --fs-h4: 0.86rem;
        --fs-hero-title: 1.15rem;
        --fs-body: 0.875rem; /* 14px */
        --hero-h: 220px;
    }
    p,
    .welcome-intro__body p,
    .content-box p,
    .content-box li,
    .policy-item p,
    .faq-answer p,
    .section__header p,
    .apply-steps__item p,
    .entry-type-card > p,
    .visa-type-panel__head p,
    .visa-type-panel__body,
    .info-card p,
    .steps-trio__item p,
    .status-cta-card p,
    .fee-card p,
    .nationality-card p,
    .disclaimer-strip small,
    .footer-bottom p,
    .footer-links a {
        font-size: 0.8125rem;
        line-height: 1.5;
    }
    h1, h2, h3, h4,
    .welcome-intro h1,
    .section__header h2,
    .content-box h2,
    .content-box h3,
    .update-header h2,
    .policy-item h3,
    .visa-type-panel__head h3,
    .info-card h3 {
        line-height: 1.15;
    }
    .hero-slide { align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 16px; }
    .hero-slide__inner {
        max-width: calc(100% - 72px);
        margin: 0 auto;
        padding-left: 10px;
        padding-right: 4px;
        border-left-width: 3px;
    }
    .hero-slide__overline { font-size: .64rem; letter-spacing: .04em; margin-bottom: 5px; gap: 5px; }
    .hero-slide__overline .icon { width: 11px; height: 11px; }
    .hero-slide__subtitle { font-size: .66rem; letter-spacing: .03em; margin-bottom: 5px; }
    .hero-slide__title { margin-bottom: 8px; line-height: 1.15; }
    .hero-slide__desc {
        font-size: .8rem;
        line-height: 1.45;
        margin-bottom: 12px;
        max-width: 100%;
    }
    .hero-slide__actions { flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; }
    .hero-slide__actions .btn,
    .hero-slide__actions .btn-lg {
        flex: 1 1 calc(50% - 3px);
        width: auto;
        min-width: 0;
        justify-content: center;
        padding: 7px 10px;
        font-size: .78rem;
        gap: 5px;
    }
    .hero-slide__actions .icon { width: 13px; height: 13px; }
    .hero-slider__nav {
        width: 30px;
        height: 30px;
        border-width: 1px;
    }
    .hero-slider__nav .icon { width: 12px; height: 12px; }
    .hero-slider__nav--prev { left: 6px; }
    .hero-slider__nav--next { right: 6px; }
    .hero-slider__dots { bottom: 10px; gap: 5px; }
    .hero-slider__dot { width: 7px; height: 7px; }
    .faq-question { font-size: 0.86rem; padding: 12px 0; }
    .nationality-card h3 { font-size: 0.82rem; }
    .footer-col h4 { font-size: 0.88rem; }
    .container { padding: 0 16px; }
    .masthead__inner { padding: 8px 12px; gap: 12px; }
    .brand {
        gap: 2px;
        min-width: 0;
        flex: 1 1 auto;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    .brand__wordmark {
        transform: scale(.55);
        transform-origin: left center;
        width: 148px;
        min-width: 0;
        min-height: 34px;
        padding-left: 18px;
        margin-right: calc(148px * (1 - .55) * -1);
        flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    .brand__text {
        min-width: 0;
        flex: 1 1 auto;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    .brand__title {
        font-size: .78rem;
        overflow: hidden;
        text-overflow: ellipsis;
    }
    .brand__subtitle {
        font-size: .64rem;
        letter-spacing: 0.04em;
        overflow: hidden;
        text-overflow: ellipsis;
    }
    .masthead__eservices {
        flex: 0 0 auto;
        max-width: 38%;
    }
    .masthead__eservices img {
        height: 34px;
        max-width: 110px;
        width: auto;
    }
    .nationality-grid--6col { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        gap: 20px 16px;
    }
    .footer-top { padding: 36px 0 28px; }
    .footer-col h4 { font-size: 0.86rem; margin-bottom: 10px; }
    .footer-links a { font-size: .8rem; }
    .footer-links li { margin-bottom: 6px; }
    .footer-bottom__inner { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; }
    :root {
        --space-section-top: 18px;
        --space-section-bottom: 22px;
        --space-header-below: 18px;
        --space-heading-top: 0.4em;
    }
    .welcome-intro, .content-section, .visa-purpose-section, .info-cards-section, .entry-type-section, .steps-section, .fee-section, .home-resource-section, .status-cta-section {
        padding-top: var(--space-section-top);
        padding-bottom: var(--space-section-bottom);
    }
}

/* Footer: 3 columns on wider phones, 2 columns on small phones */
@media (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 767px) {
    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
        gap: 22px 14px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    :root {
        --fs-h1: 1.02rem;
        --fs-h2: 0.96rem;
        --fs-h3: 0.88rem;
        --fs-h4: 0.82rem;
        --fs-hero-title: 1rem;
        --fs-body: 0.8125rem; /* 13px */
        --hero-h: 230px;
        --masthead-h: 64px;
    }
    .masthead__inner { padding: 8px 10px; gap: 8px; }
    .brand { gap: 0; }
    .brand__wordmark {
        transform: scale(.48);
        transform-origin: left center;
        width: 148px;
        min-width: 0;
        min-height: 30px;
        padding-left: 16px;
        margin-right: calc(148px * (1 - .48) * -1);
    }
    .brand__title { font-size: .7rem; }
    .brand__subtitle { font-size: .58rem; letter-spacing: 0.03em; }
    .masthead__eservices { max-width: 36%; }
    .masthead__eservices img {
        height: 28px;
        max-width: 92px;
    }
    p,
    .welcome-intro__body p,
    .content-box p,
    .content-box li,
    .policy-item p,
    .faq-answer p,
    .section__header p,
    .apply-steps__item p,
    .entry-type-card > p,
    .visa-type-panel__head p,
    .visa-type-panel__body,
    .info-card p,
    .steps-trio__item p,
    .status-cta-card p,
    .fee-card p,
    .nationality-card p,
    .disclaimer-strip small {
        font-size: 0.78rem;
        line-height: 1.45;
    }
    .hero-slide { padding-top: 12px; }
    .hero-slide__inner {
        max-width: calc(100% - 60px);
        padding-left: 8px;
        border-left-width: 2px;
    }
    .hero-slide__overline { font-size: .58rem; margin-bottom: 4px; }
    .hero-slide__subtitle { font-size: .6rem; margin-bottom: 4px; }
    .hero-slide__title { margin-bottom: 6px; }
    .hero-slide__desc {
        font-size: .74rem;
        line-height: 1.4;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
        display: -webkit-box;
        -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
        -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    .hero-slide__actions .btn,
    .hero-slide__actions .btn-lg {
        flex: 1 1 100%;
        padding: 6px 10px;
        font-size: .72rem;
    }
    .hero-slide__actions .icon { width: 12px; height: 12px; }
    .hero-slider__nav {
        width: 26px;
        height: 26px;
    }
    .hero-slider__nav .icon { width: 10px; height: 10px; }
    .hero-slider__nav--prev { left: 4px; }
    .hero-slider__nav--next { right: 4px; }
    .hero-slider__dots { bottom: 8px; }
    .hero-slider__dot { width: 6px; height: 6px; }
    .section__header h2 { font-size: 0.96rem; }
    .content-box h2 { font-size: 0.96rem; }
    .content-box h3,
    .update-header h2,
    .visa-type-panel__head h3,
    .info-card h3 { font-size: 0.88rem; }
    .policy-item h3 { font-size: 0.84rem; }
    .faq-question { font-size: 0.82rem; }
    .nationality-grid--6col { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        gap: 16px 12px;
    }
    .footer-top { padding: 28px 0 22px; }
    .footer-col h4 { font-size: 0.8rem; margin-bottom: 8px; }
    .footer-links a { font-size: .76rem; }
    .footer-links li { margin-bottom: 5px; }
    .entry-type-card__cta .btn { width: 100%; }
    .mobile-quicknav__item span { font-size: .62rem; }
}